HOK的Matt Needham和Ana-Maria Drughi与我们分享如何为所有使用者精心打造机场体验。

机场宛如微型城市，每天数以万计的旅客、地勤和机组人员、运输安全管理局（TSA）职员与商业经营者在此穿梭汇聚。面对如此复杂的复合动态场景，如何以设计思维重构、创造兼具美学价值、运营效率与人文关怀的卓越体验？

诚邀您与我们一起探索六大核心设计策略，助力现代机场升级为高效运营、为所有旅客创造难忘体验的卓越空间。

在加州蒙特雷地区机场改造项目中，HOK正打造一个五登机口新航站楼取代老旧设施。设计团队以"树屋"为设计概念原型，呼应机场所在的加州海岸生态空间语境。

航站楼通过安检前的庭院广场以本土植物营造花园绿洲景观，与安检后观景平台形成生态景观轴线。室内空间采用裸露木构天花系统，配合大地色系的织物与点缀装饰，呼应蒙特雷特有的地质景观。

HOK设计的新盐湖城国际机场航站楼亦彰显美国犹他州的自然美景。穿过安检区，"大峡谷"中庭以15米通高玻璃幕墙框选瓦萨奇山脉的壮丽美景。艺术家Gordon Huether通过520余片张力膜"鳍片"构成的波浪形墙面装置，艺术化再现犹他州红岩峡谷的层积岩理、雪山峰峦与流水地貌的特有韵律。

超越自然景观呈现，机场设计亦可溯源历史文脉。在美国俄克拉荷马城威尔·罗杰斯世界机场航站楼扩建项目中，HOK邀请本土艺术家Matt Goad创作水磨石地坪镶嵌画。值机大厅作品再现俄州红土草原与蔚蓝天际，中庭彩色镶嵌画则凝练该城在音乐、美食、农业等领域的文化影响力。

在纽约拉瓜迪亚机场，HOK设计的屡获奖项的新航站楼“拉瓜迪亚B航站楼” 重构了航站楼建设范式。设计大胆采用双岛式候机大厅结构，经由两座137米长、20米高的空中廊桥与主航站楼相连。项目团队采用了创新性的分阶段施工方法——在旧航站楼上直接建造新设施。该策略将施工阶段缩减60%（从16个阶段压缩至6个阶段），工期缩短近两年，并在施工期间确保机场运营基本不受影响。施工高峰期仅需阶段性轮替关闭35个登机口其中的1个。

针对新盐湖城国际机场项目，HOK团队优化了施工阶段规划。设计方案以一座现代化的约24万平方米的新机场取代了老旧的航站楼，这是美国21世纪建成的首个全新的枢纽机场。其核心结构包括一座中央航站楼和两条线性指廊，通过地下旅客通道连接，最终可容纳94个登机口。

该项目分为四个阶段实施，HOK利用新冠疫情导致的航空出行低谷，将第二阶段工期提前6个月加速完成，节省数百万美元成本的同时为疫情后出行高峰做好准备。第三阶段工程已于2024年秋季投入运行，第四阶段计划将于2026年竣工。

在当今世界，气候风险即是金融风险。兼具可持续性与气候韧性的机场不仅能保护关键基础设施安全，更能最大限度降低环境影响，提升航站楼工作人员与旅客的体验。

西雅图-塔科马国际机场D候机大厅的附楼以可持续性设计，展现了太平洋西北地区的自然之美。为缓解机场的客流压力而建的这座六个登机口的附楼，其创新性木钢复合桁架系统完全采用本土的花旗松木建造。大面积玻璃窗在最大限度引入自然光线的同时，有效减少眩光、热量吸收和能源损耗。HOK的这些设计策略使之成功降低了碳足迹，并成为美国首个获得LEED v4银级认证的航站楼。

而在蒙特雷地区机场，新航站楼正瞄准LEED铂金级认证和净零能耗预备认证。进入安检区之前的公共花园广场采用了本土植被景观设计，有力支持了机场环境目标的实现。

机场必须随需求变化进行调整。灵活的设计使机场无需昂贵的改造即可实现扩展与升级。

灵活性是新莫比尔国际机场规划设计的关键——该项目正将阿拉巴马州中心城市的主要航空枢纽迁移至城市中心核心区。HOK设计的可扩展弹性方案使航站楼登机口可从5个扩展至12个。这种内嵌式可扩展架构使莫比尔机场管理局能随着客运量增长灵活地扩展机场设施。

建设灵活型的机场也是一项明智的投资。在新盐湖城国际机场改造工程中，取代机场原有卫星指廊呈放射状延伸的布局，HOK设计团队采用双线性指廊结构，配合双滑行通道，不仅提升飞机调度效率，更为未来新增指廊预留了扩展空间。

卓越的机场设计不止步于美学表达——更是对空间效能的极致优化。

旧金山国际机场全新的、由HOK设计的三号中庭连接廊创新性地贯通了2号与3号航站楼，使旅客得以实现安检互认通行。这座六层复合型建筑内设有机场一体化指挥中心及行政办公区，通过将原本分散的机场员工集中办公，释放出航站楼黄金区位空间用于创收型商业租赁。

弹性功能空间——包括可扩展贵宾厅及行李服务通道——更显著增强了航站楼系统的运行调节能力。

优质的设计同样有助于提升机场的非航空性收入。在坦帕国际机场改造项目中，HOK设计团队对1970年代建成的主航站楼进行了现代化升级，通过在第三层换乘区域新增约5,574平方米的空间，重构功能布局。通过将摆渡车接驳区和餐厅移至边缘区域，这一设计方案腾出了中央核心区用以布置商业零售区、商务旅客办公区、家庭互动区、公共艺术装置和休憩座椅。这种更符合直觉的空间规划有效缓解了人流拥堵，同时为机场运营方开辟出更多可供租赁的商业空间。

机场应实现与所服务城市交通网络的无缝衔接，同步满足旅客出行与机场工作人员通勤的双重需求。

在菲尼克斯天港国际机场，HOK为菲尼克斯空中列车设计了三座高架车站，实现了航站楼与经济型停车场及城市轻轨系统的接驳。这些获得LEED金级认证的车站配备了节能高效的系统、公共艺术展示区以及耐旱的本土植物，通过多元素的协同作用，营造出兼具可持续性与美学价值的公共环境。

复合交通运输网络连接同样也是新盐湖城国际机场的核心设计要素。经重新规划的犹他州运输管理局轻轨车站紧邻航站楼入口，提供20分钟直达市中心的轨道交通服务。新建的五层停车库整合了短时/长时停车、租车服务、电动汽车充电与代客泊车各项功能。

机场作为包含众多动态组件的复杂功能性建筑，通过专业设计团队与清晰的规划策略，可转变为兼具合理性、可持续性及人文关怀的公共空间，为每位使用者创造卓越的体验。

SIX DESIGN STRATEGIES TO ELEVATE THE AIRPORT EXPERIENCE 

HOK^s Matt Needham and Ana-Maria Drughi share how to curate the airport experience for all.

Airports are like mini cities, buzzing with travelers, airport and airline staff, TSA agents and vendors. With so much activity occurring within airports, how can design cut through the complexity to create a beautiful, efficient and welcoming experience?

Join us as we highlight six key design strategies that turn today^s airports into high-performing, memorable experiences for everyone.

Airports are often the first and last impression of a region. By weaving in local art, materials and landscapes, airport terminals can create an authentic sense of place.

In California, HOK is designing a new five-gate terminal to replace an outdated facility at Monterey Regional Airport. The project team created a ^tree house^ design concept that embraces the airport^s coastal Californian surroundings.

A pre-security courtyard plaza with lush, native landscaping and a post-security terrace connect travelers to the region^s natural beauty. The interiors feature exposed wood ceilings and earthy, warm fabrics and accents that reflect the local landscape.

The new, HOK-designed Salt Lake City International Airport also highlights Utah^s natural beauty. Just beyond the terminal^s security, travelers and employees encounter "The Canyon," an expansive interior atrium with 50-ft. floor-to-ceiling windows that offer breathtaking views of the Wasatch Mountains. Artist Gordon Huether further transformed the space with a wavy sculpture on the walls made up more than 520 tensile membrane "fins" that pay homage to Utah^s red rock canyons, alpine peaks and flowing water.

Beyond showcasing natural beauty, airport designs can reflect a region^s historic roots. HOK^s terminal expansion at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City includes mosaics in the terrazzo floor by local artist Matt Goad. A lobby mosaic showcases Oklahoma^s red dirt prairies and cerulean blue skies. A colorful mosaic in the terminal^s atrium highlights the city^s cultural impact on music, food, agriculture and more.

At LaGuardia Airport, HOK^s plan for the award-winning new Terminal B was a game-changer. The bold design included two island concourses accessed from the main terminal via 450-foot-long, 65-foot-high pedestrian bridges. The project team used an innovative phasing approach where the new terminal was built over the old one. This strategy reduced the number of phases by 60% (from 16 to 6), saved nearly two years in construction time and allowed operations to continue with minimal disruption. At peak construction, only one of the 35 gates had to close at a time.

For Salt Lake City^s new international airport, HOK optimized the new airport^s construction phasing. The design replaced aging terminals with a modern, 2.6 million-sq.-ft. airport—the first new U.S. hub airport built in 21st century. It includes a central terminal building and two linear concourses, connected by underground passenger tunnel links, that will eventually support 94 gates.

Set in four phases, HOK leveraged the COVID-19-related travel slowdown to accelerate its second phase by six months, saving millions of dollars while preparing the airport for the post-pandemic travel boom. The third phase of the project opened in fall 2024, and the fourth phase is scheduled for completion in 2026.

In today^s world, climate risk is financial risk. Sustainable and resilient airports protect critical infrastructure, minimize environmental impact and enhance the experience for all people working in and traveling through the terminal.

Seattle-Tacoma International Airport^s Concourse D Annex showcases the natural beauty of the Pacific Northwest in a sustainable way. Built to relieve traveler congestion at the busy airport, the six-gate facility features a unique timber-and-steel truss system built from locally sourced Douglas fir trees. Expansive windows maximize daylight into the space while minimizing glare, heat gain and energy loss. These design approaches helped the HOK-designed annex reduce its carbon footprint and become the first airport terminal in the U.S. to achieve LEED v4 Silver certification.

Back in Monterey, the new terminal is targeting LEED Platinum certification and net-zero energy readiness. Native landscaping in the tranquil pre-security garden plaza supports the airport^s environmental goals.

Airports must adapt with demand. Flexible designs allow airports to expand and evolve without costly overhauls.

Flexibility is key to the design of the new Mobile International Airport, which is relocating the Alabama city^s main airport to the heart of its downtown. HOK^s scalable design allows the airport to expand the terminal from 5 gates to 12. This built-in flexibility allows the Mobile Airport Authority to grow as passenger volumes rise.

Creating flexible airports is also a good investment. At the new Salt Lake City International Airport, HOK replaced the airport^s previous pier concourse layout that spreads out from the terminal like fingers. Instead, HOK designed two linear concourses with dual taxi lanes that improves aircraft circulation and makes it easier to expand with new concourses in the future.

Great airport design isn^t just about looks—it^s about how well the building works.

At San Francisco International Airport, the new HOK-designed Courtyard 3 Connector links Terminals 2 and 3, eliminating the need for travelers to re-clear security. The six-story building also houses an integrated operations center and airport executive offices, consolidating previously dispersed airport employees into one location and freeing up prime terminal space for revenue-generating leases.

Flexible spaces—including future lounges and baggage service corridors—further contribute to the airport^s operational adaptability.

Good design can also help increase an airport^s non-aeronautical revenue. For Tampa International Airport, HOK modernized the 1970s-era main terminal by adding 60,000 square feet of space to the third-floor transfer level. By moving shuttle enclosures and restaurants to the edges, the design opened a central zone for retail, business traveler workspaces, a family zone, public art and lounge seating. It^s a more intuitive layout that reduces congestion and offers more concession space for airport operators to rent out.

Airports should connect seamlessly to the cities they serve, supporting travelers and airport workers alike.

At Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, HOK designed three elevated stations for the PHX Sky Train, which connects the terminal to economy parking and the METRO light rail. The LEED Gold certified stations include energy-efficient systems, public art and drought-tolerant native plants that create a sustainable and beautiful environment.

Multi-modal connections are also key at the new Salt Lake City International Airport. A relocated Utah Transit Authority light rail station next to the terminal entrance offers connections to a 20-minute train ride to downtown. A new five-level parking garage at the airport includes short-and long-term parking, rental car services, EV charging stations and valet—all under one roof.

Airports are intricate structures with many moving parts. With the right design team and a clear strategy, they can become intuitive, sustainable and human-centered spaces that work for everyone who moves through them.