多特蒙德U艺术创意中心 | 盖博建筑设计
阅读:4168 2021-06-03

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Ⓒ Jürgen Landes;

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多特蒙德U艺术创意中心位于德国西部莱茵河下游的鲁尔工业区,这里曾是德国工业的心脏

 

多特蒙德U艺术创意中心的前身是1927年建成的多特蒙德联合酿酒厂;钢铁、啤酒,和足球,是多特蒙德市的象征。二战中的多特蒙德曾遭遇了惨重的轰炸,但是啤酒厂却奇迹般的保存了下来,见证城市的历史和未来。

 

随着时间推移,鲁尔区从重工业向科技产业转型,酿酒厂也随着矿区的萧条而废弃。为了对工业历史进行保护和利用,1998年,一条涵盖54处重要工业景点的 “工业遗产之路” 保护修缮计划在政府的推动下开始实施,这栋承载了厚重历史、文化、情感的酿酒厂也重新被赋予了崭新的生命。2008年,盖博建筑设计事务所在743家竞赛团队中脱颖而出,一举中标。

 

政府的规划限制十分严格,酿酒厂必须以保护性修复为优先的基础上进行提升改造;设计保留了全部建筑结构与内部空间,并巧妙的利用了原有结构在建筑内部植入新功能。改建后的艺术中心功能丰富,15,000平米的混合使用空间分布于八层,有博物馆,文化教育中心,电影院,艺术图书馆,大学附属机构,及屋顶观景台、酒吧、和活动空间等。经过修缮、及扩建后的建筑被描述为“多特蒙德的蓬皮杜中心” - 将多特蒙德U艺术创意中心比作“文化的发电厂”。

 

The Dortmund U - Centre for the Arts and Creativity conversion project is located in the Ruhr Region of Germany; this was once the "heart of the German industrial zone". 

 

This high-profile transformational project was the former Dortmunder Union-Brauerei (Brewery), following the abandonment of the complex due to mining depression, it has been empty since beer production ceased in 1994.  In 2007, an "Industrial Heritage Road Plan" was implemented to revitalize the region, this plan covered 54 important industrial attractions including the Dortmund U Brewery.  Following the win of the architectural competition to redevelop the entire precinct, Gerber Architekten had created an art piece reflecting attractive industrial qualities of the site’s original use, and gave the new spaces an incomparable character.


Due to tight heritage restrictions, the building had to be redeveloped on the basis of protective restoration, all structures and internal space of the old building had been retained with new functions inserted.  The result - a brand new 15,000sqm of mixed-use and cultural arts centre spanning over 8 levels; it contains a museum, cultural educational center, cinema, art library, university affiliated institutions, a rooftop deck, a degustation premise, and other event spaces.  It had been described as “the Dortmund Centre Pompidou”, comparing Dortmund U Arts Centre as a “cultural power station”.


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Ⓒ Jürgen Landes;


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Ⓒ Jürgen Landes;                                         

前往多特蒙德U艺术创意中心,首先到达的是建筑首层的门厅空间,这个当年用来输送啤酒的垂直井从地面通高至到屋顶,让访客在进入建筑的第一时间就能体验到当年啤酒酿造厂的宏伟和完整的空间高度。设计在塔楼边缘遗留的结构处对楼板进行逐层切割,创造出一个逐渐向上的狭长空间,并将扶梯和廊道与各层入口相连接。原本用于输送啤酒的竖井在改建时被巧妙地变成一个通高的楼梯间。被重新塑造并定义的空间让现代人可以充分体会、感受、理解、并记住原有的工业建筑文化。


Upon arrival at the lobby, a full-height vertical shaft greets visitors with its magnitude, this shaft was used to transport beer in the old days.  The design cuts the floor slab layer by layer, connecting escalators and walkways to redefine the space, so that visitors can fully experience the magnificence and complete spatial height of the brewery during it most glorious days.


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Ⓒ Gerber Architekten                                    

艺术中心的门厅区域设有一个咖啡厅和一个演讲厅,可用于各种会议、演讲等活动。演讲厅采用了红色主调,烘托温暖的氛围。热情的红色毗邻在白色的门厅中尤为突出。红色元素也在艺术中心内反复出现;数个插入立面的红色排练盒子- 金属锥形体标志着从内到外的空间过渡,形成有节奏感的空间标识。这些新的元素穿插在古老的建筑中,与老建筑形成鲜明的对比,呼应艺术突破界限的精神,丰富了立面造型,使这栋古老的建筑更富有现代气息。


A cafe and a bright red lecture hall supplements the foyer area.  The element of “red“ repeatedly appears throughout the entire building.  Red cone-shaped boxes are inserted into the elevation, forming a rhythmic contrast between old and new, reflecting the ground breaking spirit of creative arts.


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 Christian Richters

U艺术创意中心的一层到三层包含了大学附属机构,文化教育中心,艺术协会,和一个创意产业研究所;三层以上则是奥斯特沃博物馆。设计保留了保留了U艺术创意中心原有的屋顶,并替换了结构,对空间重新设计,将现有的结构支撑巧妙地隐藏在博物馆内,参访者在观展时可以瞥见这些时间的印记。原有天窗提供丰富的采光及良好的视野,打造犹如 “大教堂” 般的空间,形成了U艺术创意中心最具代表的立方体屋顶。

 

“大教堂” 穹顶之上镶嵌的11米高的金色U型标志,自1968年在酿酒厂建筑楼顶被架起之日就对多特蒙德及整个鲁尔片区有着举足轻重的意义。盖博教授在采访中曾说,他希望人们从城市的各个角度都能看到这个金色的标志,无论是坐火车经过多特蒙德,或是步行进入城市中心。作为德国战后东西德分裂时期的亲历者,盖博教授深刻了解和体会,历史对一个民族的意义。

 

The first three floors of Dortmund U contains various university art and cultural centers, and associations; Ostwall Museum occupy the floors above.  Whilst the design retained the original roof; the structural support was replaced, creating a cathedral ceiling; this forms the most representative space of the Dortmund U Art Center. 

 

An 11m tall golden “U” crowns the cellarage tower, this symbol holds great significance to the city of Dortmund and the entire Ruhr Region since 1968 when it was first erected.

 

Professor Gerber once had said in an interview, that he hopes people can see the golden symbol from all angles of the city, whether it's on a trai npassing thruogh Dortmund or walking into the city centre.  As a witness to the division of Germany after the war, Professor Gerber deeply understands the significance a nation’s history holds.


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Ⓒ Gerber Architekten

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 Christian Richters


从城市的角度看,U型标志是聚焦点也是制高点;从建筑顶楼俯瞰,整个城市和街区尽收眼底;设计将屋顶窗户添加了LED投影,这项专利技术使外部可见屏幕动画的同时、在内可视外部景色。LED屏会根据不同主题构成相应图案,迎合城市气氛,更加巩固了U艺术创意中心的城市地标地位。

 

From the city’s point of view, the “U“ symbol is a focal point atcommanding height; on the contrary, from top of the building one can take inthe entire cityview.  LED projection was added to the original skylights, this special technology projects animation on the outside, while still allowing visualaccess from the inside, providing abundant natural light andview. The LED projection forms corresponding imagery in accordance to the atmosphere of the city.


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Ⓒ Jürgen Landes;

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U艺术创意中心的庭院位于主楼正下方,这里是访客的另一参观亮点。在这里,古老的砌砖立面连接巨形拱门通往美食餐饮庭院。这里是精心协调过每个节点的室内建筑艺术作品,甚至连摆放的家具桌椅都显示出卓越的细部设计。

 

The degustaion premise of the premise is located on the lower level, this space offer visitors a further highlight.  Here, the brick façades open out via large rounded arches onto a beautiful garden courtyard.  Everything here is carefully harmonised and crafted down to the smallest details.


Ⓒ Gerber Architekten   


多特蒙德U艺术中心的外观保留了原本粗糙的工业痕迹,虽然设计受到十分严格的空间限制,但是盖博设计使其营造出非常和谐的空间关系及体验氛围。

 

U艺术创意中心是鲁尔区工业建筑改造的成功典范;废弃的酿酒厂在经过改造后重焕生机,再度成为多特蒙德市的地标。它不仅代表历史上多特蒙德市在啤酒产业上的辉煌成就、及鲁尔片区曾经的工业兴盛;在被赋予了文艺时尚的新时代气息后,改造后的多特蒙德U艺术创意中心今已成为鲁尔区文化圈的一个象征,是多特蒙德艺术的聚集地,更是当今市民的文化精神堡垒。

 

Even though the design was subject to strict constraints, the building still created a harmonious spatial experience and atmosphere.  The Dortmund U - Centre for the Arts and Creativity is a successful benchmark of urban regeneration; the abandoned brewery was rebuilt, redeveloped, and revived with a new life.  Not only does it represent the glorious achievements of the city of Dortmund in the beer industry, and the industrial prosperity of the Ruhr Region; the transformed Dortmund U

has become a new symbol of creativity, arts, and culture in this new era; it is the cultural and spiritual fortress of Dortmund today.

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