The coronavirus has caused a momentous shift in the air travel industry on par with 9/11. As passenger traffic has reduced to a trickle in the wake of the public’s fears of infection, major carriers have grounded hundreds of planes and many international airlines have suspended service entirely. Now airports are grappling with how to respond to this health crisis – and future threats of infectious disease – in order to save the industry and gain back passenger trust. From January this year, in response to the escalting epidemic, China's major airports have adopted more stringent prevention and control measures to protect the safety of passengers. Airport terminals' various facilities and public spaces carried out disinfection. In order to improve the air circulation in the public space, fresh air volume of the central air conditioning system were increased and side windows on the glass curtain wall of the building, and install ultraviolet sterilization lamps in the air conditioning system, deeply disinfect all air conditioning filters and filters, and provide cleaner air. In order to prevent personnel congestion caused by temperature measurement at the entrance of the terminal, thermal imaging temperature measurement equipment is installed, so that passengers do not need to stay, which greatly speeds up the detection speed. Provide personal disinfection protective articles such as hand sanitizer for passengers, and consider the separate disposal of medical wastes such as masks, gloves and the disinfection of domestic garbage.
一旦疫情解除，商务旅客可能会毫不犹豫再次乘坐飞机，而休闲旅客则会更多考虑其他出行方式。机场必须保障所有旅客从进站到登机的整个过程安全无虞。关键在于，如何保障？9.11事件发生后，机场所采取的安全措施有目共睹，也证明了航空业认真对待每位旅客生命安全的负责态度。但我们必须认识到，新冠疫情过后，风险和隐患可能更加隐蔽，因此我们需要采取不同的应对方案。针对疫情爆发和客运量急剧下降，Gensler航空业务负责人正在积极研究如何通过财政刺激计划推动航空公司和机场转变合作方式，保障旅客安全出行。考虑到这一点，我们已经开始设计防控方案，既要保障机场设施正常运行，又要提供新措施保护出行旅客免受病毒和其他疾病影响。As we emerge from this pandemic, business travelers will likely start traveling quickly and with minimal hesitation. Leisure travelers, on the other hand, may be more reluctant to fly. All passengers will require assurances that the experience from curb to aircraft seat is safe. The question is, what do those assurances look like? After 9/11 security measures werevisible to passengers and served as validation that the industry took their safety seriously. In a post-COVID-19 world, we have to recognize that the threat is less visible, and that it requires a different response. In the context of the coronavirus outbreak and the rapid decline in ridership,Gensler’s Aviation practice leaders are actively examining how the stimulus package opens the door for a seismic shift in how airlines and airports can partner to enhance passenger safety and wellness. With that in mind, we’ve begun to consider how design can help airports simultaneously secure their facilities and provide new measures to help protect the traveling public from the spread of viruses and other diseases.短期措施 Short-term responses作为建筑设计方，我们应该思考怎样帮助机场及航空公司恢复新常态，实现正常运营。当务之急是管控社交距离，以及改变旅客使用机场设施的方式。Our opportunity as architects and designers is to think about the possibilities for helping airports and airlines begin to return to a new normal. There are immediate needs for social distancing and changing the way that passengers use airport facilities. 限制排队间距，防止人群聚集 Limit queuing and congregation spaces through better processing在短期内，解决方案主要是限制排队人数以及减少人群聚集。从某种程度上来说，这种转变将进一步推动实现一些航空公司现有的应对举措。例如，纽约肯尼迪国际机场捷蓝航空5号航站楼让旅客在登机时自行贴行李标签并放置行李，将传统的值机流程改为自主托运行李。In the short run, the solution will be to limit the amount of queuing and congregation spaces. In some ways, this shift would be an acceleration of processes that some airlines have already been moving toward. One example is giving passengers sole responsibility for tagging and dropping their own bags at check-in. This is a strategy Gensler implemented at JetBlue’s Terminal 5 at JFK Airport in New York, converting the traditional ticketing environment to a self-tag/self-drop operation. 运用科技预设旅客体验 Use technology to pre-map the passenger experience另一措施是借鉴迪士尼的快速通行证模式，运用现有的数字科技预设旅客体验。在这种情况下，旅客默认使用自主托运行李方式值机。使用智能手机技术，机场还可以给旅客分配具体时段进行安检。机场能够以此预测客流量，从而实现错峰分流。对旅客而言，这种措施也具有长远利益，它既能减少旅客在航站楼的通行时间，又能最大程度地降低与其他旅客密切接触的几率，减少与可能沾染病毒或细菌的物体表面的接触。Another response would be to leverage existing digital technology to pre-map the passenger experience in the style of Disney’s Fast Pass. In this scenario, passengers would check in using a self-tag/self-drop process as the default. Using smart phonetechnology, the airport would assign passengers a dedicated time slot to pass through the security checkpoint. This would enable airports to predict passenger loads and disperse them more gradually over time. From the passenger’s perspective, this would have the further benefit of speeding their journey through the terminal, minimizing their close contact with other passengers and with surfaces that could possibly be tainted with viruses or bacteria. 加速应用生物特征识别 Accelerate biometric screening 事实上，我们需要探索如何在登机过程中尽量避免其他接触。机场应该加速应用生物特征识别技术，部分机场已经采用视网膜和面部识别技术进行生物特征识别。达美航空位于亚特兰大哈兹菲尔德-杰克逊国际机场的航站楼已优化旅客处理系统，实现从值机到登机100％应用生物特征识别，而捷蓝航空等其他航空公司也计划在肯尼迪国际机场5号航站楼和波士顿洛根机场C航站楼采取类似措施。新冠疫情推动了各个机场提前升级旅客处理系统。In fact, we should be exploring how to minimize other touchpoints in the airport experience. Airports can work quickly to accelerate the biometric screening process that some have already begun testing through retinal and facial recognition technologies. Already Delta Airlines’ terminal at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport has implemented a passenger processing system that is 100% biometric – from check-in to boarding – and other airlines, such as JetBlue Airways, anticipate similar initiatives in their facilities at JFK Terminal 5 and Boston Logan Airport’s Terminal C. The COVID-19 crisis provides the impetus to get every airport upgraded sooner than we envisioned. 疏散旅客 Decentralize passenger processing遇到任何危机事件，大多数机场都会面临空间调度的难题。已建成的航站楼通常空侧被停机坪包围，而陆侧又毗邻道路网络。疏散通道最好充分利用道路两侧。尽管成本高昂，实施难度系数大，疏散旅客仍是保障健康安全的关键策略，也是机场灵活调度的短期重要举措之一。In any scenario, most airports are challenged for space. Existing terminals are traditionally hemmed in from the airside by aircraft parking limitations, and on the landside by an existing roadway network. The option in the departure process is better utilization at the curb. Decentralizing passenger processing will be one of the key health and wellness strategies that might be a near-term element of an airport’s flexibility plan, despite the costly and operational challenges associated with this shift.
长期措施 Solutions That Will Take More Time
一些应对措施可以在长期规划中逐步实现。充分利用现有机场设施的同时，增设新设施以应用新的旅客筛检方式。Some solutions can be realized over a longer time frame. These ideas could be a combination of reusing existing airport amenities and creating new facilities for new types of passenger screening. 将停车场改造成值机和安检中心 Convert parking garages into check-in and screening centers例如，随着无人驾驶汽车的普及，机场将对停车场进行重新规划，使效益最大化。尤其是与航站楼直接相连的停车场，其优越的地理位置为办理值机、安检和人流控制提供了理想场所，便于控制旅客间距离、进行旅客流量监测，同时还能减轻现有航站楼的压力，以更小的密度容纳更多旅客设施。For example, as the world adapts to the rise of autonomous vehicles, airport campuses will look for ways to repurpose their parking garages. In particular, the garages that are directly connected to terminals present the ideal place to house processes such as check-in, security screening, and crowd control, providing new distance controls and passenger flow metering, while also freeing the existing terminal to house more passenger amenities in a less densified arrangement. 优化登机区座位布局 Rethink seating layouts in boarding areas 出于减少航站楼空间密度的考虑，我们可以重新规划登机区原有座位的布局。我们不仅可以更换其他款式和外形的新座椅，扩大社交距离，还可以考虑配置带充电功能的立式扶手和其他灵活座位。The incentive to de-densify terminals could also allow us to rethink traditional seating layouts in boarding areas. Not only can we look at new seating types and configurations that will allow for greater social distancing, but we can consider options likestanding rails with charging stations and other flexible seating. 在机场入口设立筛检前厅 Create screening vestibules at airport entrances最后，综合安检和生物病原体筛查将为机场安全和旅客健康保驾护航。改变机场的当前做法，开放整个航站楼的空侧设施能够带给旅客更优质的候机体验。一项更具革命性的长期举措是分散筛检系统，在机场入口分散设置筛检前厅。尽管在实际操作上还有许多难处，但此方案能保证旅客在完成安全检查和医疗检查后方可进入航站楼。 虽然当前仍处于新冠疫情的风暴中心，我们预估它将和9.11事件一样，推动航空旅行规章制度的变革。也许航空业和机场都会迎来重大变革。最新官方数据显示，2018年定期航班客运量高达44亿。如何重拾旅客对航空业的信心？作为设计方，我们坚信自己拥有足够的技术和知识帮助他们恢复信心，与此同时，我们也将联手行业合作伙伴，为旅客提供安全可靠的航空旅行体验。Ultimately, integrated security and bio-pathogenic screening would be the holy grail of airport safety and security. This could be a game-changer, opening the entire terminal to airside amenities and a better traveler experience. A revolutionary long-term process change could be the dispersion of screening systems to elongated vestibules at the entrances to buildings. While this scenario is loaded with operational issues to solve, it would accomplish security and medical screening prior to passengers stepping foot inside the building.Although we’re still in the middle of the coronavirus crisis, we’re anticipating it will bring about the same kind of paradigm shift in air travel that we experienced after 9/11. We may never look at flying or airports the same way again. In 2018, the mos t recent year with official figures, 4.4 billion passengers flew on scheduled services. What will it take to give them the confidence to fly again? As designers, we believe we have the technology and the know-how to restore that confidence and work with our industry partners to make air travel a safe and secure experience.
运用科技预设旅客体验 
加速应用生物特征识别 
疏散旅客 
将停车场改造成值机和安检中心 
优化登机区座位布局 
在机场入口设立筛检前厅 
