近日，MVRDV庆祝了台南“河乐广场”的开幕。“河乐广场”是一个都市公共空间的设计项目，包括将市中心一处老旧的商场“台南中国城”改造成一个被植物环绕的城市潟湖，这些植物将长成郁郁葱葱的丛林，将城市与自然和水岸重新连结。受业主委托，MVRDV的整体规划还在台南运河东侧重塑了一条“T”型轴线，并提出了一个新的景观策略以整合原台南中国城基地和一公里长的海安路。除了新的公共广场和都市景观水池，项目还包括改善公共交通道路，减少交通流量，增加在地原生植物。
Recently, MVRDV celebrates the opening of Tainan Spring, a public space design that includes the transformation of a former city-centre shopping mall into an urban lagoon surrounded by young plants that will develop into a lush jungle, reconnecting the city with nature and its waterfront. Commissioned by the client, the completed masterplan rejuvenates a ‘T-Axis’ to the East of the Tainan Canal, creating a new landscape strategy to unify the site of the former China Town Mall and a kilometre-long stretch of the city’s Haian Road. In addition to the new public square and urban pool, the plan includes improved public pathways, a reduction in traffic, and the addition of local plants.
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
台南“河乐广场”是将市中心一处老旧的商场改造成了都市潟湖Tainan Spring transforms a former city-centre shopping mall into an urban lagoon
自17世纪以来，台南的运河网络一直是该市海洋渔业的基础；但在上世纪80年代，这一历史悠久的城市发展方向产生转变。1983年，台南运河盲段被填平，兴建了台南中国城商场。一段时间后，这座大型的商业建筑与它当初的预期目标渐行渐远，同时也耗尽了台南中西区的活力。“河乐广场”提出了一个将老旧商场空间再利用的解决方案，尤其在网上购物逐渐取代实体店购物的当下，该方案提供了一种将时间与空间转换的可能性。阿
Tainan’s water network served as the basis for the city’s marine and fishing industry since the 17th century, but the 1980s saw the city depart from this historic urban approach. China-Town Mall was built on top of the old harbour next to the Tainan Canal in 1983. A large commercial structure that no longer serves its intended purpose, it has become a drain on the vitality of downtown Tainan. Tainan Spring shows what solutions are possible for unused shopping malls now that online shopping is supplanting physical stores.
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
新的公共广场将城市与自然和水岸重新连结，这里曾服务于台南的海洋渔业The new public space reconnects the city with nature and its waterfront, which served as the basis for the city’s historic marine and fishing industry
台南中国城商场已被拆除，原有建材被巧妙地循环利用，该项目将成为循环经济的创新典范。都市景观水池和繁茂的当地植物衬托出由商场的地下停车场改造而成的下沉广场，遮阳的半露天回廊环绕其四周。精心设计的景观水池在所有季节都将是一个完美的聚会场所：水池的水位会根据雨季和旱季而上升或下降；炎热的天气里，喷雾降温系统可以降低户外温度，为游客带来舒适的环境，减少空调的使用。该空间可以做为游乐场、聚会空间和演出舞台等；与此同时，通过艺术化地拆解建筑，保留了混凝土框架为主的一系列建筑原有的结构，适时可以转换成服务中心、凉亭和其他设施。
The China-Town mall has been removed and meticulously recycled, making the project an innovative example of the circular economy. The mall’s underground parking level has been transformed into a sunken public plaza dominated by an urban pool and verdant local plants and surrounded by a shadowed arcade. The pool has been carefully planned to be a perfect gathering spot for all seasons: the water level will rise and fall in response to the rainy and dry seasons, and in hot weather mist sprayers will reduce the local temperature to provide welcome relief to visitors, reducing the use of air conditioning in the summer months. This space hosts playgrounds, gathering spaces, and a stage for performances, while the artful deconstruction of the building’s concrete frame has left a number of follies that can in due course be converted to shops, kiosks, and other amenities.
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
都市景观水池和繁茂的当地植物衬托出由商场的地下停车场改造而成的下沉广场The mall’s underground parking level has been transformed into a sunken public plaza dominated by an urban pool and verdant local plants
此外，透过玻璃地板可以看到地下二层的部分结构与回填再利用的建材，它向人们进一步展示了场地的过去，并纪念其做为台南历史的重要价值。这种保护历史旧址的新方法，不是以一种擦拭抹白的破旧立新，而是将原商场的地基从公园和潟湖中突显出来，就像一个当代的罗马广场，为关闭运河盲段改建商场的历史决定提供了一个视觉记忆地标。
In addition, a portion of the structure of the second basement level below has been exposed with a glass floor, allowing people to further understand the history of the site and appreciate the former mall as an important part of Tainan’s history. This new way of preserving heritage meant that the site was not cleared and renewed in a tabula rasa approach – instead the foundations of the former mall stick out of the park and the lagoon like a contemporary Roman Forum, offering a visual marker of the historical decision to close a port in favour of a mall.
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
新种下的植物也已开始渐渐生长，大约还需要两到三年才能完全实现一个郁郁葱葱花园的愿景Ahe design will take another two to three years to be fully realised as the young plants gradually grow into the lush garden that was envisioned
MVRDV设计“河乐广场”的一个关键策略是将绿色带回城市。因此，无论公共广场还是海安路都引入了大面积的植物。当地各种原生植物混合种植在一起，树木、灌木和草类组成了多层次的植被，模拟了台南东部自然的绿色景观。种植槽的植物密度根据区域的活动型态而变化，为人们和植物提供了更多的空间。现在海安路项目已经竣工，新种下的植物也已开始渐渐生长，大约还需要两到三年才能完全实现一个郁郁葱葱花园的愿景。
A key part of MVRDV’s strategy for Tainan Spring was to bring the greenery to the city. As a result, both the public square and Haian Road see the introduction of large areas of planting, which makes use of local plant species mixed together in a way that emulates the natural verdant landscape located to the east of Tainan, with trees, shrubs, and grasses providing multiple layers of vegetation. The density of these plant beds varies in response to the shop frontages, providing more space for people where needed and for plants in between. Now that construction is complete, the design will take another two to three years to be fully realised as the freshly planted beds gradually grow into the lush garden that was envisioned.
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
原商场的地基从公园和潟湖中突显出来，为关闭运河盲段改建商场的历史决定提供了一个视觉记忆地标The foundations of the mall stick out of the park and the lagoon, offering a visual marker of the historical decision to close a port in favour of a mall
”在 ‘河乐广场’，人们可以在绿意盎然的商场旧址上冲凉。孩子们不久将可以在历史的废墟中玩水——这有多奇妙？”MVRDV联合创始人Winy Maas说道：“受台南历史的启发，原始丛林和水都是重要的灵感来源。台南是个灰色的城市，随着绿色丛林被重新引入每一个角落，城市也将重新融入周围的风景。在海安路的绿色街道，你可以看到重新引入绿色是我们整体规划中的重要环节。我们将当地的原生植物混合在一起以模彷台南东部的自然景观。我想这座城市将从中受益许多。”
“In Tainan Spring, people can bathe in the overgrown remains of a shopping mall. Children will soon be swimming in the ruins of the past – how fantastic is that?” says Winy Maas, founding partner of MVRDV. “Inspired by the history of the city, both the original jungle and the water were important sources of inspiration. Tainan is a very grey city. With the reintroduction of the jungle to every place that was possible, the city is reintegrating into the surrounding landscape. That the reintroduction of greenery was an important thread in our master plan can be seen in the planting areas on Haian Road. We mixed local plant species so that they mimic the natural landscape east of Tainan. I think the city will benefit greatly from this.”
图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
精心设计的景观水池在所有季节都将是一个完美的聚会场所：水池的水位会根据雨季和旱季而上升或下降，喷雾降温系统可以降低户外温度
The artful deconstruction of the building’s concrete frame has left a number of follies that can in due course be converted to shops, kiosks, and other amenities
海安路是台南最热闹的街道之一，去年完成的海安路改造项目为这里的都市活动带来了新的生机。现在道路的每个方向都是单车道，街上的车辆也减少了。除此以外，统一的混凝土砖铺面取代了多年来不同材料拼接形成的路面，绿化方法延续了在其他地方已经成功的丰富自然的景观策略。该项目还改善了街道最不利的景观元素，即许多大型通风井从地下突出于公共空间。虽然这些基础设施不能被移除，但它们被涂上了统一的颜色，以尽量减少它们在视觉上的存在感。竣工后，台南亦邀请了一些当地的艺术家来装饰这些基础设施。
The renovation of Haian Road, which was completed last year, has brought new life to one of Tainan’s most lively streets. Traffic on the street has been reduced, with cars now occupying just a single lane in each direction. Meanwhile a unifying concrete tile surface has replaced a patchwork of different paving treatments that had built up over the years, and the planting strategy continues the abundant, natural approach employed elsewhere. The project also addresses one of the street’s most negative features, the many large ventilation shafts that intrude onto the public space from below ground. While these infrastructural elements could not be removed, they have been painted a uniform colour in an attempt to minimise their visual presence. The city of Tainan then selected a number of local artists to decorate these structures.图/Image: © Daria Scagliola
通过艺术化地拆解建筑，保留了混凝土框架为主的一系列建筑原有的结构，适时可以转换成服务中心、凉亭和其他设施
The artful deconstruction of the building’s concrete frame has left a number of follies that can in due course be converted to shops, kiosks, and other amenities
“河乐广场”是MVRDV今年在台南完成的两个项目之一，另一个即将完成的项目为“台南新化果菜市场”，目前它处于最后的施工阶段。“河乐广场” 由MVRDV和一个跨领域的专业设计团队共同完成，包括合作建筑师李丽如建筑师事务所，可持续性和景观顾问都市里人规划设计有限公司，结构顾问长浩结构技师事务所，交通规划顾问鼎汉国际工程顾问，照明设计顾问立恒灯光设计有限公司、机电顾问弘电工业联合技师事务所，以及施工方涌基营造工程有限公司。
Tainan Spring is the first of two MVRDV projects that will be completed in Tainan this year, with the Tainan Wholesale Market currently in the final stages of construction to the east of the city. Tainan Spring was completed by MVRDV alongside an interdisciplinary team of experts including local architects LLJ Architects, sustainability/landscape and urban designers The Urbanists Collaborative, structural engineers consultant Evergreat Associates, SE., transportation planners THI Consultants Inc., lighting designers LHLD Lighting Design, MEP engineers Frontier Tech Institute, and General Contractor Yong-ji Construction Co. Ltd.
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