Historically, adaptive reuse has been a strategy that follows a resilient and efficient re-use of our building assets. We are now faced with a pandemic that is challenging our resourcefulness to meet the surge of infected patients who we know are coming – but cannot predict when. This is most apparent in the anticipated hospital bed shortage that will soon descend upon all communities. As an architectural practice that specializes in healthcare and hospitality, we have been exploring various solutions for a host of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive materials (CBRNE) events with our clients. These have ranged from the expanded use of rooms in an existing hospital to building new accommodation through a modular approach and all options in between.

今年人类社会面临的新冠肺炎事件，如同核生化爆事故一样，是对全球公共卫生安全发起的巨大挑战，因此急迫需要快速制定全面且具有战略高度的措施，以解决如何避免出现大范围感染病例激增的情况。

酒店行业可能因疫情而遭受重创。考虑到酒店内部布局与医院的住院部布局高度相似，CallisonRTKL 建议可以在特殊时期将酒店做适应性改造，将其改为备用住院部，以容纳数量激增的感染病患。以下正文中，我们概述了酒店改造时需要注意的四个关键点，希望用我们的经验为酒店改造提供一些建议，从而帮助客户实现最佳效果。同时，从未雨绸缪的角度，我们也希望这些建议或经验能够给未来的酒店行业以新的启示。

The pandemic that we are now facing is having a comparable impact on global communities as a CBRNE event. Similarly, the immediacy of a pandemic requires a multi-facetted, strategic approach that starts by anticipating the mitigating measures needed to hold any surge at bay. In the prevailing situation, one such measure would be the adaptation of hotels whose livelihood will be severely affected by the pandemic – but whose format is most akin to inpatient accommodation found in hospitals. With little adaptation, hotels can be turned into additional inpatient rooms to absorb the surge of patients requiring nursing care. Here, we outline the principles that should be considered in the plan of the hotel to will make the adaptation a viable and efficient process.

所需要素

Elements 

下一步，则需要检查实际的楼层平面布局及相关工程实施标准，以确定其是否可以达到容纳与支持护理患者所需的必要条件，比如：

Following this, the actual floor plan and engineering provisions will be examined to determine if it is possible to accommodate all elements necessary to support the needed patient care functions such as:

●护士站&会议室

Nurse Base including a meeting room

●清洁工具储物间/药房

Clean Utility/Medication

●污物间

Dirty Utility

●废弃物存放间（尤其是有害废弃物）

Waste Holding particularly hazardous waste

●设备存放间

Equip Storage would be helpful

●电梯是否可以容纳担架？

Elevators – can they accommodate stretchers

●楼层负荷是否可以容纳移动式x光机（非必要但很便捷）

Mobile X-ray – can the floor loading accommodate them (not essential but convenient)

●CT设备

CT could be useful

表面处理

Finishes

●检查现有条件是否适于医疗体系的感染控制标准。

Check suitability of the existing conditions for infection control.

●拆除织物窗帘，更换为医用材料的窗饰。

Fabric curtains removed and replaced with types of window dressings that are of hospital grade materials.

●拆除床垫和床框，更换为医用病床，同时是否再利用现有的设施应该根据医用设备的获取难易度而做决定。

Mattresses and frame removed and replaced with a hospital grade patient bed – any reuse of existing could be left as a local decision based on access to hospital grade equipment.

●墙面通常可以达到要求，但若墙纸或墙面出现破损，则需要进行修补。

Walls and their finishes will generally suffice, but any wallpaper must be intact throughout and repaired where not intact.

●天花板通常不做改造，但需要打扫干净其周边的死角或相对隐蔽的空间。

Ceilings can be largely left with special attention paid to any hidden ledges, coves, etc. for cleaning.

●墙体保护是一个有效的辅助措施，但并非必要条件。

Wall protection would be a good addition but not essential.

工程系统

Engineering System

●在现有的时间框架下，彻底地检修机电系统有些不切实际；但我们可以尽量在可控范围内做相对全面的检修，以掌握现有系统的局限情况。

Overhauling the Mechanical and Electrical systems will not be practical in the timeframes encountered; a conditioned survey will be necessary to understand the constraints imposed by the existing systems.

●走廊需要尽量保持通风，让室内达到正压病房的标准。

Most corridors will be fed fresh air– creating positive pressure relative to the bedrooms.

●每个房间都需要安装方便个人操作的控制装置，可应对每台装置进行清洁、检查和安装所需的过滤网。需要注意的是，过滤网最好可以选择HEPA类型，如果无法实现，也可以在供应安装寄存器上安装临时的HEPA过滤网。

Each room is likely to have units for individual control and individual comfort; each unit should be cleaned, checked and have the required filters changed preferably with a HEPA type. If not possible, then a temporary HEPA might be fixed over the supply register.

●医院标准的负压房间可能无法实现，但可通过增加洗手间/淋浴间等简单的通风系统，提供一定程度的负压环境。

Negative pressurized rooms to a standard expected in a hospital may not be possible but could the toilet/shower room’s extract ventilation be easily increased to provide some level of negative pressure.

●根据酒店2014规范要求，酒店至少有一台电梯能够容纳移动担架床。如果酒店在2014年之前建成，则需要考虑是否能在酒店内部或外部增加一台更大的电梯。

Elevators: the 2014 codes for hotels require at least one elevator to be sized for gurney movement. If built before 2014, then will need to be determined if a larger elevator can be added either internally or externally.

●无线网络需要全面覆盖酒店，以便保证远程监控效果及其他设备通讯的即时通讯和数据收集。

WiFi will be needed throughout for communication and data collection from telemonitoring and other equipment.

●灯光照明设施进行更新；医疗场所需要更明亮的照明及真色效果。考虑到LED灯泡低电压、高输出的特性，可做首选替代品使用。

Lighting will need to be upgraded; healthcare settings will require brighter lighting and true color rendering. LED bulbs may be used as a substitute considering its low voltage high output characteristics.

医疗设备

Medical Equipment

●每个房间都需要配有可移动气瓶和真空装置。

Each room should have mobile gasses and vacuum.

●为满足隔离病房的高供电需求，配备高电压通风机可能不易实现，但可以通过安装单独的发电机来满足隔离病房的要求。

Ventilators may need a higher voltage and provision of such electric supply in a specific room may be challenging; a separate generator may be considered to accommodate an isolated need.

●可支持无线网络的设备是照看病人的必要设施，也是扩大医护人员照料病人数量的有效工具。

WiFi-enabled equipment would be necessary for remote (tele-) monitoring which will be an essential tool for the staff to extend care for more patients.

●如果需要类似数字X光机、CT机等影像设备，则需要考虑楼层是否能承受这些设备的重量？

If imaging equipment were desirable, then can the ground floor accommodate the weight of the equipment? Digital X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT) in particular.

●对于不能断电的设备房间，需要提供UPS电池系统。

Provide battery UPS systems for rooms with equipment that cannot tolerate power outages.

●Stat实验室可迅速适应就地检测，当天即可出结果。

A Stat Lab accommodates rapid-in-place testing requiring same day results.

其他需考虑事项

Other Items for Consideration

●有害废弃物协议——除预期中的医疗废弃物外，所有的亚麻制品必须视作有害废弃物，并进行相应的处理。

Hazardous waste protocols – in addition to the clinical waste expected, all linen must be considered hazardous and processed accordingly.

●如何将适应性改造后的酒店纳入现有的供应链中？

How can the hotel/hospital be included within existing supply chains?

●现有的服务提供商如何纳入适应性改造后的酒店？

How can existing service providers include the hotel/hospital？

The adaptation makes use of the hotel’s inherent characteristics that are similar to a hospital and its relatively immediate availability– thus having a positive effect on stemming the start of a sick patient surge. This will give time for other alternative resources such as convention centers, gymnasiums, disused shopping malls, airline hangars and other such large space enclosures to be adapted and come online. This will further reinforce the provisions needed as part of a multi-facetted strategic approach. In total, all of these resources can be used in varying degrees to solve local problems encountered within that given context. The hotel/hospital will provide a useful addition to the arsenal needed for pandemic planning. After it has performed its civic duty, the hotel/hospital can return to be a hotel once again– continuing its benefit to the community. This approach will give resiliency to the system and effectiveness to the response.