设 计 治 水 

气候变化语境下的设计委托创新范式

由荷兰政府发起的“以水为谋-亚洲韧性城市设计 ” 获得了2020年荷兰设计奖-最佳委托奖。每一年的荷兰设计奖都会表彰最优秀的荷兰设计师及其项目，并在北欧最大设计盛事：荷兰设计周上举办颁奖典礼。MLA+很荣幸成为获奖项目“以水为谋”计划的合作伙伴之一，该项目获得了著名的荷兰设计奖“最佳委托”奖。

THE POWER OF 

GOOD DESIGN COMMISSIONING 

TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE

Water as Leverage – the program MLA+ is part of – won the Dutch Design Award 2020 for best commissioning

The Water as Leverage for Resilient Cities Asia (WaL) programme initiated by the Dutch government is the winner of the Dutch Design Awards 2020 in the ‘Best Commissioning’ category. Every year, Dutch Design Awards (DDA) honours the best Dutch designers and their projects. The DDA award ceremony is hold during Dutch Design Week, which is the largest design event in Northern Europe. MLA+ is very honored to be one of the partners of the awarded program Water as Leverage.

www.dutchdesignawards.nl

全球城市逐渐开始面对气候变化所带来的挑战， 规划和设计人才的技术与创新都很有见地，但大多只适用于当下的社会和市场环境。面临气候变化问题的项目经常因其特殊性难以采用常规模型，需要寻找创新解决方案来推动进展。这其中的关键点“过程驱动”却常被设计师忽略，因此选择跨学科的团队和制定精准的设计要求变得越发重要。为了挑战当下的气候威胁，只有设计师是不够的，还需要优秀的委托方。获得最佳委托奖的 “以水为谋”项目和发起人荷兰水务大使Henk Ovink先生，正在全球范围内不懈地推动解决人类的最大挑战：水资源。

Designers all around the world are rising to face climate change. While their creative and technological efforts are often insightful, they can only be empowered if grounded in today’s society and market. Too often exceptional projects stay as such - exceptions - failing to provide a real alternative model for a scarcely-sustainable business as usual. Their weakness is mostly process-driven. Such key aspect appears to be undermined by designers, leaving a desperate need for interdisciplinary teams and enlightened design briefs. Now more than ever, to save the world designers are not enough. We also need good commissioners.

On this line of thinking, The DDA best commissioning winner: Water as Leverage and Henk Ovink have been active in promoting and initiating solutions for mankind’s biggest challenge: dealing with the currency of climate change – water.

“以水为谋”

重新思考我们的城市设计

RE-THINKING THE WAY WE DESIGN CITIES

USING WATER AS LEVERAGE

气候变化正在发生着，它是我们人类正面临的最紧迫挑战。水资源在许多国家地区中已成为稀缺商品，好比新世纪的石油。而同时，泛滥的水又在其他或同一地区造成遭难，比如在东南亚。

面对这一挑战，荷兰国际水务特使Henk Ovink先生发起了“以水为谋”项目，与荷兰国家商务机构一起，在东南亚三个城市（印度金奈市、孟加拉国库尔纳市和印度尼西亚三宝垄市）发起了治水项目。对于每个城市，都任命了两个项目小组来为“水与城市”的相关问题研究具体可行的解决方案。

Climate change is a reality and the most urgent challenge we are facing as mankind. Water has become the “oil of the 21st century” – a scarce good in many places. At the same time its availability in abundance has become the biggest issue in many other or even the same places. In South-east Asia these water challenges are bigger than elsewhere.

To take up this challenge, the Special Envoy for International Water Affairs, Henk Ovink, initiated Water as Leverage. Together with the national agency for the promotion of businesses RVO, Henk Ovink initiated an open call for projects in three cities across Asia: Chennai in India, Khulna in Bangladesh and Semarang in Indonesia. For each of the cities two teams were appointed to develop concrete and implementable solutions for the water related problems of the cities.

Photo credit to: Cynthia Van Elk (RVO) 

“以水为谋”的工作方法是与本土和全球的利益相关者建立联盟，共同结合研究、设计和实施。它为所有合作伙伴创建了一个包容性平台，集合了在面临气候风险的城市和地区中的政府、企业和社区；开发人员、研究人员、工程师和设计师。还囊括了来自公共和私营部门的合作伙伴，为项目的落地实践提供资金。

水问题是与社会经济和文化挑战息息相关的，不能单一地由水务专家来解决。设计师、规划师和政策制定者同样肩负至关重要的责任，即研究城市在空间上如何应对水供应和水管理，以及随之带来的水问题与全球环境挑战之间的联系。“以水为谋”项目之所以脱颖而出，是因为它将治水过程转化成了推动城市规划发展的创新驱动力。

Water as Leverage’s methodology combines research, design and implementation by setting up coalitions with both local and global stakeholders. It creates an inclusive platform for all partners: the communities, cities, businesses and governments of the cities and regions at risk; the developers, researchers, engineers and designers. It also includes partners from the public and private sector that fund the projects to make them a reality.

Water problems are interconnected issues that relates to socio-economic and cultural challenges. Therefore it cannot solely be the responsibility of water experts; designers, urban planners and policymakers also have the crucial task of examining how cities relates spatially to supply and management of the water and how consequent water issues correlate with global environment challenges. Water as Leverage approach stands out by seeing water-related processes become a driver for innovative urban planning strategies.

MLA+ was selected as leader of the consortium ‘Cascading Semarang’ working with other local and international multidisciplinary partners to find solutions to the climate change challenges.

Semarang is a port city on the north coast of Java Island, Indonesia. Urbanization and climate change are increasingly threatening the city. Semarang is facing floods from the ocean and mountains, ground subsidence caused by long-term extraction of groundwater, and running-out usable water sources.

In Semarang, there has already implemented a series of measures: such as polders, seawalls and waterways to deal with the water-related disasters. Despite partial success, it did not solve the root cause of water shortage and land subsidence. Therefore, it is necessary to change the model, in order to break the vicious circle and begin to discover new opportunities how abundant water resources can bring to cities.

"Cascading Semarang" treats water as a benefit rather than a threat. The concept of "cascading" is added to the current water management system. A series of water resources storage and utilization elements are created with complementary and collaborative design methods. Semarang's water resources will be stored and used by the characteristic terrain to reduce the damage caused by water disasters.

在我们这个本土又国际的团队中，不同领域的知识经验汇集起来，形成了完善的城市治水总体规划。我们提出全域治水五大策略解决方案，既可以收集和存储雨水，又可以延迟或避免径流，同时将为三宝垄增添新的都市品质。秉承着“不浪费一滴水”的信念，这些解决方案涵盖了整个城市市区，打破了环境的恶性循环，探索发展新机遇。

“气候变化和水资源挑战，

为同时解决水治理与城市发展

这两个问题提供了机遇！”

All knowledge and insights accumulated a global-and-local team that developed a comprehensive water masterplan. A series of five different strategies provided solutions to both resulting in a system collecting and storing rainwater and delaying or avoiding the runoff while adding new and needed qualities to Semarang. These solutions are covering the entire urban area of the city, breaking vicious cycles and adding new opportunities, under the motto “No single drop of water is lost!”

我们设计的“海绵梯田”传承了具有百年历史的梯田耕作，并将其应用为城市环境中的蓄水系统。它可以在干旱季节储存大量的水，并且将水引入城市环境中，增添都市亲水品质。

Spongy mountain terrace uses the century old tradition of terrace farming and introduces it as a water storage system in the urban context. It allows to store significant amounts of water for the dry season and it introduces water in the urban context where it can become a unique quality.

重新梳理城市水系，利用现有的运河网络并将其重新链接，以使从将雨水快速排入海域的原始功能，转变为提供公共空间品质的储水和排放系统。

Rechannelling the city uses existing networks of canals and relinks them in such a way, that their purpose changes from quick release of storm water into the sea to a water storage and release system that provides public space qualities as well.

Feeding the industry tackles one of the big causes for land subsidence in Semarang: ground water extraction by factories. Large new water reservoirs in the future provide surface water for industrial use.

每个单独措施都将产生积极影响， 而结合起来的共同作用将有助于三宝垄应对当前的洪水和水资源短缺挑战。它让该市足以适应未来的城市增长，且在发展过程中避免环境恶化。增添的新品质将使这座城市成为当前和未来居民更宜居的场所。

Each measure alone will already have a positive impact. Together, will help Semarang dealing with its current flooding and water scarcity challenges but it will also enable the city to accommodate the future growth without worsening the problems. In the contrary: The new qualities added, will make the city a more liveable place for current and future residents.

深入的本土协作和从始至终的项目引资计划是保驾护航本次设计流程的核心步骤。

团队将初步的设计想法和概念与本地利益相关方和社区代表共同讨论，作为设计可实施性的试验。我们利用"严肃游戏"的互动工作坊形式，让多方以不同立场直接参与到现实模拟的决策流程中，在现实语境下对策略进行讨论和改进，并为核心矛盾提出解决方案。

Working with stakeholders and securing funds for the projects are two major steps in the process of this project.

The team produced initial ideas and concepts as a testing bed for meetings with local stakeholders and representatives of the local community. In a workshop, using serious gaming, the different ideas formulated were scrutinized, where possibly improved and discussed in the real context of Semarang and where they could provide solutions to existing problems.

三宝垄全域治水方案将是一个耗资巨大的工程，但是延迟这项工程只会为这座城市的未来带来更多消耗。我们提出的策略需要印度尼西亚国家财政和国际的投资系统扶持。所提全部策略都与联合国人居署可持续发展目标进行了匹配，并提供初步的经济技术测算。符合世界银行、亚洲基础设施投资银行、世界自然基金会等国际基金组织的投资目标。本项目正在推进下一步可实施性研究的进展中。

The comprehensive masterplan for Semarang is costly. But not taking action will be even more costly. Implementation cannot take place without funding from national and international financing institutions. To set first steps in reaching this milestone, all the different measures where assessed against their effect, their contribution to reaching the sustainable development goals and their funding needs. These findings were pitched in meetings with World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Development Bank, WWF and a number of other national and international funding bodies. Currently the projects are being structured in such a way, that they meet each of these party’s funding requirements.